Iranian cyber operatives are probing US infrastructure defenses, particularly water systems, by leveraging prepositioned access to launch rapid attacks. This tactic allows hackers to bypass traditional detection methods, posing a significant threat to critical infrastructure sectors. Experts warn that the escalating geopolitical tensions between the US and Iran may lead to an increased risk of cyberattacks, with Iranian-linked hacking groups already demonstrating their capabilities. The use of prepositioned cyber access enables these groups to activate attacks quickly, making it challenging for federal defenders to respond effectively. Specifically, the risk of prepositioned cyber access highlights the need for enhanced vigilance and proactive measures to prevent such attacks1. This matters to cybersecurity practitioners as it underscores the importance of implementing robust defenses against nation-state actors, who can exploit vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure to inflict significant damage, making it essential to stay ahead of these emerging threats.